What is Biophilic Design?

Definition.

Architects and interior designers seek to improve living spaces helping their clients to be happier. One increasingly popular approach is called biophilic design, which seeks to connect us more closely to nature, according to Archdaily.com.

Biophilia.

Biophilia describes the affinity and love humans have for the natural world. Thus, biophilia explains why we have indoor plants. Further, why we install skylights, natural wood floors and granite countertops in our homes. Biophilia is why we open our doors and windows as much as possible (because as humans, we inherently love the fresh air). Biophilia is why we are willing to pay far more for homes with scenic views of oceans, lakes, mountains, and parks. We are inherently drawn to nature.

Lifestyle.

As humans, we spend almost 90% of our time indoors (yes, depressing). Thus, we seek out ways to bring the outdoors inside. Hence, the thriving houseplant industry. In sum, we are happier, more focused, and both mentally and physically healthier in a biophilic environment. Nature positively impacts our well-being. Nature comforts and inspires us.

How to Incorporate Biophilic Design.

Designing your home with objects, materials, textures, colors, shapes, and sequences that mimic nature will stimulate visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory connections to the natural world (lifestyleasia.com).

Step One: Natural Light. Maximize the natural light in your home.

Step Two: Water. Consider adding a water feature, such as a fountain in the foyer or elsewhere (unless you have a natural water view). In the latter case, maximize the water view!

Step Three: Green Space. You can easily bring in green space via windows, skylights, and sliding doors. You can also add botanical wallpaper or hang landscape paintings and prints on your walls. Decorating primarily with earth-like colors, brings the outside in (think, creams, beiges, and greens). Adding plants and flowers will always help.

Conclusion.

By bringing nature into your home, you will benefit. The biophilic approach demonstrates that furniture, art, décor, and architecture can work together seamlessly to create a peaceful, naturalistic haven in your home. Thus, you will feel more at peace in your space.

Your Home: Understanding the Role of Natural Light.

When designing your home, focus on natural light.

Many homebuyers designing a new home focus exclusively on the floor plan, rather than on the positioning and abundance of windows. If you place enough windows (and french doors) throughout the house, in the correct positions, you will maximize your experience of natural light.

Why is Natural Light Important?

Health Benefits.

Exposure to natural light helps us to relax and center. Natural light strengthens our circadian rhythms, thus improving both sleep quality AND daytime productivity. Specifically, exposure to natural light (as opposed to artificial light), has been shown to improve productivity, mood, relational health, and physical health.

Electrical Use.

The more natural light your home lets in each day, the less you rely on artificial lighting. Natural light will also keep your home warm on cooler days (thus, reducing heat expenses). Reducing utility costs for electricity (and simultaneously using less energy) is an enormous benefit of maximizing natural light.

Your Schedule.

When designing a home, consider the position of the sun at various times of day. If you want your master bedroom to be bathed in morning sunlight, place that room on the east side of the house, with large, unobstructed windows. Eastern orientation ideally permits a view of the sunrise (or at least, permits awakening to a sunrise glow).

If you spend more time in the living and dining areas during afternoons and evenings, place those rooms on the west side of the house. Western orientation ideally permits a view of the sunset (or at least, provides a breathtaking evening glow).

Be Creative.

Not all windows must be conventional! Consider floor to ceiling glass when privacy is less of a concern (also, if the room is high up). Make use of sky lights and windows near the ceilings (to allow in natural light without the need for coverings).

Prioritize Green and Blue Space.

Orient your windows to green space, for a feeling of the outdoors. The same applies for blue space (if you can see a body of water). Pools (and even fountains) are soothing to the eye. Seeing water in any form (manmade or natural) is beneficial. Both green and blue spaces reduce stress and rejuvenate us.

Conclusion.

When designing a home, focus on window abundance and thoughtful placement to maximize natural light, and to bring in a feeling of the outdoors. If windows are generous in both size and number, while placed in the correct locations, you will enjoy the sun (and your surroundings) to their fullest potential. Not only will exposure to natural light regulate your circadian rhythm and improve your mood, it will also reduce your utility bills!

The Delta Variant, Explained.

Nomenclature.

In May, the World Health Organization designated a naming convention for variants based on Greek letters. The first variant (originating in the U.K.), is now known as Alpha. The Beta variant originated in South Africa. The Gamma variant originated in Brazil. The Delta variant originated in India, and is also known as “B.1.617.2” (I did not choose this name ;).

Background.

The Delta variant was first detected in India, thereafter in the United Kingdom, and has now spread to over 80 countries. It is currently the dominant strain in both India and the U.K., and is swiftly spreading worldwide. In the United States, it currently accounts for 25-30% of our COVID-19 cases.

Transmission.

Delta has been identified by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), as a “variant of concern”. Why? Because Delta is the most robust variant to date. Translation? It is more transmissible, and more pathogenic.

What can we Expect?

Within one to two months, the CDC expects Delta to be the dominant strain in the United States. Currently, the Alpha variant is dominant. Yet, in several states, Delta is already gaining solid traction. Such states include: Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Montana, North and South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.

Variations and Mutations.

Variants emerge as a virus faces an evolutionary pressure to survive. The virus mutates to bind more successfully to human cells. The Delta variant appears to have gone through multiple mutations. Subsequently, Delta is particularly efficient at binding to human receptors, making it the most transmissible (William Petri). Interestingly, the initial symptoms are LESS severe than previous strains (e.g., patients are more likely to report mild, cold-like symptoms).

Vaccination Trends.

There has been a recent decrease in vaccination rates in the United States. Further, vaccine hesitancy has increased (particularly in the aforementioned states, and in younger populations). It is simultaneously young people and those living in such states who are experiencing the highest Delta infection rates. Thus, low vaccination rates increases population susceptibility to the virus. Interestingly, those previously infected by COVID also appear to be more susceptible to Delta.

Herein lies the irony. A mere six months ago, the majority of Americans (along with Australians, and Europeans) were panicking over a LACK of vaccine supply. Now, we have an abundance of vaccine supply. Yet, the same people are suddenly choosing not to get vaccinated. Privilege.

Will the Vaccine Protect those of us, who ARE Vaccinated?

Luckily, both Pfizer and Moderna demonstrate 84-86% protection against the Delta variant. Yet, we are only at a 46% full vaccination rate in the United States.

Further, obtaining ONE dose of a vaccine only provides 30-35% protection from getting COVID. Thus, individuals who only obtained their first dose will be at higher risk. Unvaccinated individuals will be at the highest risk.

Conclusion.

Please get vaccinated. COVID is a deadly virus for many. Be socially responsible, morally accountable, and take care of both yourself (and those around you). If everyone does their part, we WILL overcome this!

(Authorship: Sophie Aiyer)

The Spanish Flu and 1920’s: Are we Repeating History?

As many of us reflect on this past year, we may find ourselves asking questions.

For instance, “What just happened?”; “What happens next?”; “Can history inform us of these answers?”

History may be repeating itself. Yet, until we truly understand history, we cannot predict our future. Thus, we turn to the Spanish Flu.

The Spanish Flu, Explained.

The Spanish Flu began in 1918. It infected one third of the world’s population. The sickness affected approximately 500 million people, and took the lives of approximately 50 million people over a two-year period.

The Spanish Flu was later identified as “H1N1”. H1N1 is a pneumonic flu virus. Sub-strains include the Avian and Swine flu strains. Thus, in the case of the Spanish Flu, many believe it originated in either birds (or pigs), and spread to humans. The Spanish Flu (like all pneumonic flu strains) infected the lungs in an overwhelming manner. It was spread via droplets, and through close proximity to others.

Naming Conventions.

The Spanish flu did NOT originate in Spain! In fact, one of the first cases was identified in the United States. This case was reported in March of 1918 at a military base in Kansas. Many historians believe that the spread began when soldiers (from the Kansas base) were deployed to Europe to fight World War I. Other historians believe it originated in the United Kingdom. Other countries with the earliest documented cases include France and (sorry for this), China.

Why was it called “the Spanish flu”?

The Spanish Flu took place during World War I. Government censorship was pervasive. News was not openly reported, nor shared between countries. Television did not yet exist, and radio was imperfect. Newspapers were the primary means of disseminating information (and they were censored).

Spain remained neutral during the war. Thus, willing to disseminate information via newspaper. Subsequently, they shared news about their first cases of the flu. Their sharing resulted in the misnomer of the virus “the Spanish flu”.

So, what came after the Spanish Flu?

The “Roaring Twenties”.

Many look back on the 1920’s as one of the best eras in history. An uprising in cheer and optimism following the morbidity of the Spanish Flu pandemic.

The 1920’s were characterized by the popularization of economic freedom, consumerism, radio, television, movies, cars, jazz music, dancing, glamour, flappers, and fun. In sum, there was an overwhelming sense of abundance.

The 1920’s brought exciting change to society. Along with a perceived increase in wealth.

Yet, what was behind all of the “roar”?

Economic Prosperity.

During the 1920’s, the government favored big businesses. And further, embraced “laissez-fair” capitalism. Such an approach was intended to stimulate the economy, by backing big businesses.

American corporations traded enormous amounts of goods overseas. For the first time, the dollar overtook the British pound.

And, this worked! The economy boomed and many were thrilled.

Mass Consumerism.

Simultaneously, the 1920’s was the first era of mass consumerism. Credit debt was invented. People were overspending. The seed of the American Dream had been planted, and everyone wanted to partake. Thus, people began borrowing money beyond their means.

Productivity and Innovation.

The United States (along with much of the world) adopted assembly line techniques, increasing productivity. Assembly lines resulted in a vast increase in the manufacturing of various products, including improved radios, stylish clothing, and more efficient cars. In fact, automobiles became the norm (for the first time). Simultaneously, the government invested in infrastructure, permitting travel (hence, vacationing :). The television was invented. The first transatlantic flight took place.

Entertainment and Sports.

Hollywood was born during the 1920’s. At that time, land was cheap in California and the state was underpopulated. Los Angeles grew up during this time. Celebrities became visible. Magazines were popularized, proliferating the idealization of celebrities. This, along with the innovations behind the radio, the television, and movie production all resulted in a new entertainment culture. Celebrity idealization was born.

The jazz era also emerged during the 1920’s. The jazz era brought innovations in both music and… dancing.

New York City was one hub of the emerging jazz movement, exemplified by the Harlem Renaissance.

Writing became a highly respected endeavor during this time. Many writers flocked to NYC to follow such pursuits. Brilliant novels were written (think, The Great Gatsby). Creativity was embraced, in a new way.

Baseball was popularized during the 1920’s; games were broadcast via radio. Stadiums were built throughout the country, and baseball became America’s trademark game of the era.

But (there is a but)...

The Klu Klux Klan’s power peaked during this time. As liberation and freedoms surged, the country became increasingly divided.

Racism, fascism, and anti-immigration rose. Patriotism was rampant (catalyzed, in part, by divisions based in the dynamics of World War I). The white man grew in power. The United States experienced an increase in lynchings during this decade. We also passed our first anti-immigration law in 1921. Ironic, as this was closely timed to our first transatlantic flight.

Abroad, Germany had lost the war, leading to their severe economic downturn. Following Germany’s economic depression, Adolf Hitler rose to leadership (thus, fascism was all over the place).

Conclusion.

The Spanish Flu was awful. And bears striking resemblance to our current pandemic (which we are seemingly overcoming).

The 1920’s gave us a mixed bag. Civil liberties and freedom of speech were born (grateful). Alcohol was invented (a bonus). Women’s liberation began (we are still working on it, but I remain pleased).

Yet, racism, and anti-immigration burgeoned. And then, The Great Depression. All of that fun had consequences.

How can we prevent such a predictable cycle? A future characterized by extreme highs and equally extreme lows?

A question for us all to ponder as we re-open, and are all equally excited to party.

Authorship: Sophie Aiyer

What is Conspicuous Consumption?

Conspicuous Consumption.

Thorstein Veblen coined the terms "conspicuous consumption" to describe wasteful habits of the upper classes in amassing and displaying expensive goods that had no inherent practical benefits. Such expenses included leisure activities that rendered no physical benefit. The purpose of these socially conspicuous displays was to advertise one’s membership in the upper, leisure class, as only the wealthiest could afford them.

Enter, the Peacock.

The conspicuous consumption concept may be examined based on Charles Darwin’s work regarding biology and evolution. Darwin was curious about why peacock’s tail feathers evolved. The brilliant feathers indeed increased the peacock’s visibility to predators. Darwin later realized that their feathers provided a reproductive advantage, leading to his theory of sexual selection. Various scholars furthered this research, suggesting that such “peacocking’ signals are attractive to prospective partners as they advertise superior status. Further, indicating increased immunity and energetic capacity.

Evolutionary Psychology.

Evolutionary psychology currently merges both concepts, in explaining “conspicuous consumption”. Displays of wealth that heighten prestige while lacking practical benefit (e.g., material items that cost far more than their usefulness; costly leisure activities that provide no physical benefit), are considered “conspicuous consumption”. The interesting piece is not that such displays are done to signal social prestige (we all know this). The interesting piece is that such habits play a critical role in mating behavior.

Mating Behavior.

Specifically, the theory holds that women (and men), whether consciously, or subconsciously, evaluate potential mates based on their ability to be positive, economic investments. Furthermore, we (whether consciously, or subconsciously) evaluate potential partners on their ability to be invested, resourceful, reproductive partners. Particularly for women (dating back centuries ago), the benefits of finding a partner who would provide solid economic and social investment, was critical to survival.

Peacocks display their tail feathers as ornaments which facilitate their mating competitiveness. The peacock’s feathers enable quick and reliable assessments of physiological quality, physical strength, social status, dominance, and aggressiveness by competitors and potential reproductive partners. We do the same.

Enter, the Polo Shirt.

In a recent study, Daniel Kruger (2021) tested the hypothesis that men’s mating behaviors were analogous to those of the peacock displaying tail feathers. In Kruger’s study, polo shirts with large and small versions of the logo were displayed to prospective mates. In Kruger’s other trial, participants predicted which polo shirt a man would wear in different social contexts.

In both of Kruger’s studies, men with the larger logo shirts were rated highest on mating effort, high on interest in sexual affairs, high on attractiveness to women in brief sexual affairs, and highest on environmental UN-predictability. Simultaneously, those wearing smaller logos were rated higher on paternal investment and higher in interest in long-term committed partnerships. Thus, the big polo gave women cues. Findings indicated that such men were overtly “peacocking”; yet only more appealing for short-term, casual, affairs.

Kruger’s study challenges the conspicuous consumption hypothesis, with regards to clothing. The findings question the traditional hypothesis that men who display luxury items and hobbies are more attractive romantic partners. In this case, they were only more attractive for brief encounters.

Conclusion.

That all disclaimed, the conspicuous consumption theory is a brilliant one, and deserving of attention. In current times, when lavish spending on unnecessary goods may be unwise, why do we still engage? Perhaps it is because the peacock in us remains alive.

Authorship: Sophie Aiyer

Please contact me for Daniel Kruger’s article!

Will Home Prices Keep Rising?

Is it the right time to buy?

Prospective buyers are on the receiving end of mixed messages this year. Interest rates are at record lows, yet housing prices are rising. So is it better to continue renting, or to purchase a home? The answer lies in your needs and your location.

Evaluating your needs.

You may need more space for a home office, a separate fitness room, or want more outdoor space for entertaining (or play).

Employment changes.

As many of us are working from home, we have seen a trend towards buying homes in suburban areas, coastal areas, and small towns. Urban living has become less appealing overall. Lifestyle has become a priority.

Home sales.

According to HomebuyingInstitute.com, home prices will continue to rise through 2021, primarily due to limited supply and strong demand. Interestingly, the pandemic fueled the housing sales market. Realtor.com reported that median home listing prices rose 15.4 percent between January 2020 and January 2021. Further, homes sold 12 days faster in 2021, on average.

Inventory.

Simultaneously, home inventory was 42.6% lower this January than last January. Thus, home supply is far lower than demand.

Interest rates.

Mortgage interest rates hit record lows in January 2021. Thus, buyers who plan to take out a loan would be wise to buy before interest rates rise again.

Conclusion.

Contemplate your needs and priorities. Then, survey the market, and ask your realtor for advice :)

How to Curb Your Energy Use.

Working from home.

Many of us who work from home may notice that our utility bills are higher. This makes perfect sense if you are using more electricity, gas, water, and so forth throughout the day. It might be wise to check your thermostat, repair worn insulation, and turn off unnecessary lights. Yet, these are not the only culprits (particularly if you live in a larger space).

Standby power use.

According to the U.S. Department of Energy's Berkeley Lab, the typical American home has approximately forty products constantly drawing power, amounting to almost ten percent of residential electricity use (less relevant for those of us who live is small spaces :). Further, products such as air conditioners and microwave ovens can’t be switched off unless they are unplugged, which means they are constantly drawing power. This is called standby power; thus, turning appliances with external power supplies, remotes, battery chargers and continuous display (LED) into constant energy-using devices.

Unplug.

Yes, it is impractical to unplug every lamp from the socket while not in use. Yet, you can unplug devices like your laptop, mobile phones, and appliances you rarely use. Think of a television in a guest room, or extra vacuum cleaners. When you buy a new appliance, look for one that is certified Energy Star, which is manufactured to require less standby power.

Peak times.

Electricity consumption varies in predictable patterns. Use is higher during summer and at certain times of the day. Utility companies subsequently charge more for “peak time” electricity use. You might want to check with your energy provider for what times are defined as peak times.

The Five-Year Equity Rule.

Why five years?

When you buy a home, plan on staying there for approximately five years. Why so? You need equity in order to sell the home profitably.

What is equity?

Equity is your percentage of ownership, versus how much the bank owns. With any mortgage loan, the first few years of payments go primarily toward paying interest than to your principal. To build enough equity to sell and either break-even, or profit, you want to recoup closing costs and fees. Closing costs and closing fees may amount to 14% of the purchase price.

Tips to building equity:

Put more money down.

If you put 20 percent down, this is standard (thus consider yourself fine). Yet, if you can put more down, consider doing so.

Pay your mortgage on time and in full.

Paying back your mortgage (also referred to as your principal) builds equity. The longer you pay, the more equity you build.

Make additional mortgage payments.

You can add an extra amount to your mortgage payments, when possible. This will also help you reduce private mortgage insurance. It may also allow you to refinance to a private mortgage insurance-free loan, once you reach 22% equity (again, sorry about the math :).

Let time and the housing market work for you.

The housing market typically rises one to two percentage points above inflation each year. You may also gain more value due to your home increasing in value over time.

Conclusion.

Building equity takes time, money, and a bit of patience. Thus, following the five-year equity rule will benefit you when you do (indeed) decide to sell your home.

Mortgage Interest Rates.

Interest rates.
According to Freddie Mac, mortgage interest rates remain low, as that the economy is still stressed due to the pandemic. As interest rates remain under three percent, it is wise to buy or refinance your home (before the rates rise).

Points.

When you are quoted a rate (say, 2.75%) it may only be available if you pay points (say, .07%). Why is this? Points are short for "discount points"; points are a fee paid to the lender at closing to reduce the interest rate on your loan. Typically, one point costs 1% of your mortgage amount. Essentially, you are prepaying a portion of interest to obtain a lower rate.

Breaking even.

The longer you stay in your home, the more likely you are to “break even” or recoup the cost of buying points. You can divide the cost of the points by how much you save on your monthly payment. For instance, if you buy two points for $4,000. The monthly savings to you is $58.54 (I know, I promised there would be no math ;). Yet, in this case, it would take you 68 months, or 5.7 years, to "break even".

Are points wise?

If you plan to stay in your home for under six years, buying points are unwise. You are better off spending that money on your down payment.

Finally, please consult your lender for specific advice!

Advice to Buyers, in a Tight Market.

Market trends.

By the end of 2020, the number of homes listed for sale in the United States reached an all-time low. As the vaccine is now available, and the economy is improving, buyers are increasingly motivated. Thus, we anticipate this spring to be characterized by an even lower inventory of homes available to buyers.

If you are currently looking to buy a home, please find tips below:

Trust your realtor.

Create and maintain a solid relationship with your real estate agent. This will increase your chances of finding your ideal home. Your realtor has a scroll of resources, to help you. Thus, they can keep you updated on new listings that meet your needs (as well for homes not yet on the market :).

Be flexible.

You are lucky if you find a home that perfectly suits your needs. Due to limited inventory (and consumers having their own budgeting concerns), most end up compromising. Such compromises may be on the size, location, price, or specific features of the home. As a buyer, make a list of top priorities, as well as those you are willing to compromise on. Be clear with your agent on your down payment, loan amount, and timeline. Then give your agent leeway to meet your needs as perfectly as they can.

Communicate.

Communication is key. Evermore during a tight market. Communicate with your agent, especially if and when your needs, priorities, or budget change.

Be patient.

Home prices are rising. Demand simultaneously continues to increase. Thus, know what you want, what you want to pay, yet be patient in the process (and understand that some compromise is inevitable).

Conclusion.

That all said, there is no security like home ownership. Renting is not the same (nor does it provide us with equity nor with stability). Thus, trust the process and remember that all homebuyers are in the same boat. Your realtor is here to help you through.

The COVID Vaccine, Explained.

Understanding the COVID Vaccine

What is the vaccine and how does it work?

What vaccines are available?

Currently, we have two vaccines available (in the United States). The first is the Pfizer (BioNTech) vaccine; this vaccine involves two doses, spaced three weeks apart. The second is the Moderna vaccine; this vaccine also involves two doses, spaced three weeks apart. Both Pfizer and Moderna are “mRNA” vaccines. Both vaccines are effective two weeks after receiving both doses. Both vaccines are administered to the upper arm of choice.

What are the efficacy rates?

Based on clinical trial data, the efficacy rate was approximately 95% for both Pfizer and Moderna. To be noted, that the vaccines were tried in the United States prior to approval (not abroad).

Could I experience an allergic reaction?

Potential allergic reactions are possible, if one has them to eggs, latex, or vaccine preservatives (to keep the vaccine frozen). Allergic reactions were noted in under .01% of the clinical trial population. Specifically, one in 22,000 people experienced an allergic reaction during the clinical trials. These typically occurred during the first 15-30 minutes post-vaccination. Hence, why most vaccine sites will have a person wait 15 minutes after the vaccine for observation.

Why do vaccine reactions occur?

Our immune system is ignited by vaccines. Thus, our bodies react, appropriately. Such reactions may feel like sickness; yet, they are not sickness! Such reactions are the outcomes of your body reacting to the vaccine (in a positive way). This is one of the reasons that reactions may be greater after the second dose. Our bodies have already identified the vaccine. Our antibodies are increased when our bodies recognize the second dose.

How does the vaccine work?

Vaccines are developed to produce immunity to COVID-19. The vaccine injects a substance (either mRNA or a viral vector), which is essentially a blueprint for the virus. Thus, our bodies remember this blueprint. In response, our cells create spike proteins that allow our immune system to make antibodies. Spike proteins introduce our bodies to the virus (to create antibodies), without actually causing the disease. Subsequently, our bodies weaken and disable the virus (protecting us from being sick when exposed in the future). The vaccine is not the virus itself (please, please understand this). The vaccines inject a blueprint for the virus (not the virus itself), which our bodies remember, and attack in the future.

What is mRNA?

To be clear, mRNA is NOT DNA. The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines introduce mRNA to our systems. Such vaccines are nucleic. In sum, they introduce a genetic code for the surface spike protein of the virus (without the virus itself), which your cells will remember. Think, blueprint. The mRNA is temporarily in our systems, yet allows our body to recognize (and attack) the virus in the future.

Can I stop wearing a mask once I get the vaccine?

We can still carry the virus, and pass it onto others. Thus, it remains critical to wash your hands, sanitize, wear a facemask, and practice safe hygiene behaviors (even after getting the vaccine). That said, you remain 70-95% safer post-vaccination (depending on what strain you are exposed to).

Does the vaccine stay in my body permanently?

No. The vaccine produces spike proteins. Spike proteins are released by our bodies in response to the vaccine, and create antibodies specific to the virus itself. Vaccines never stay in our bodies permanently. The vaccine itself is processed metabolically.

What are variants?

Variants are forms of COVID-19 that have cloned themselves. Some are stronger than the original COVID-19 strains; some are not. Essentially, when a virus lives for long enough, it attempts to replicate. The longer it replicates, the more errors (and changes) it makes. Thus, variants are errors (and changes) the virus makes while aiming to replicate itself.

Why is it better to get the vaccine versus getting COVID?

The vaccine produces long-term immunity to COVID-19 (approximately six to twelve months). Alternatively, if one gets COVID itself, one only gains immunity to the strain responsible for infection; such immunity lasts four to six months. If one gets the vaccine, one maintains longer-term immunity with a notably lower chance of infecting others (and without getting sick and risking hospitalization and/or death from COVID- related pneumonia).

What is the difference between the vaccine and the virus?

The vaccine is NOT the virus. It introduces the blueprint for one surface portion of the virus, which induces your body to make spike proteins, and then antibodies, to protect you from the virus in the future.

Could someone die from the vaccine?

No deaths have been linked to the vaccines. All deaths that were proximally linked to vaccine administration dates, were due to alternate causes (e.g., old age, and/or severe medical problems).

Is it wise to get the vaccine?

Clinical trials to date have demonstrated that all three vaccines protect 100% against hospitalization and death (from COVID-19). Further, the earlier you get the vaccine, the more likely you are to obtain the booster shot. Yes, there will likely be a booster shot administered once new variants are identified. Likely, only to those to obtain the vaccine early on.

What is herd immunity?

Once the population is 80% vaccinated, we will be closer to achieving herd immunity. Herd immunity is a concept whereby the entire population benefits, once the vast population has been vaccinated. In sum, we are still at a low percentage. Let’s help California (along with the entire country- and the world), achieve an 80% vaccination rate. Please do part. You are helping both yourself, your loved ones, and society at large.

Authorship: Sophie Aiyer

The Golden Rule.

The Golden Rule.

An old adage to treat others the way you would like to be treated. In the words of Confucius, “Do not onto others what you do not want done to yourself “. Many of us are taught this rule from childhood. By keeping this rule in mind over the course of our lives, it is woven into our fabric.

By living by this rule, we not only respect ourselves, we respect the world around us. The idea of acting to the detriment of another becomes unnatural. The Golden Rule incites us to behave kindly and generously to others. Furthermore, ensuring that we avoid harming those around us. The lesson is a simple one: kindness begets kindness; generosity begets generosity; loyalty begets loyalty. By imbibing such lessons we deepen our empathetic abilities, thus living both honestly and generously.

Empathy.

An invaluable trait. Empathy reflects the capacity to experience the emotions of another, and to view the world from another’s perspective. Thus, empathy includes both emotional and cognitive components (Brown & Benchmark, 1994).

Empathy is linked to mental health outcomes. Lack of empathy is highly associated with narcissism and narcissistic traits (Brown, et al., 2010). Lack of empathy is also associated with aggression, and antisocial behavior (Ellis, 1982).

Ego.

The opposite of empathy is essentially the ego. The ego presents itself in selfishness, and an obsession with being “right”. Such a perspective is primarily about the self, rather than viewing the world from the perspective of others (Freud, 1923).

Just as the ego reflects a focus on the self, empathy reflects a focus on others. In our relationships, empathy facilitates movement from fear to understanding. When research participants viewed their social partners in pain, those scoring higher in empathy experienced more warmth towards those partners (as opposed to fear or no emotion); fear and a lack of emotion were more common in those scoring lower in empathy (McCall & Singer, 2012).

The good news is that empathy is plastic, changing with our life experiences, motivations, and values. Many researchers purport that empathy is a skill, rather than a trait (Klein & Hodges, 2001). Thus, it can be learned (or unlearned). The latter is possible during times of crisis. The current pandemic is a potential example of such. Political strife and warfare are primary examples (Rifkin, 2009).

Community Benefits.

Collective empathy serves as an environmental resource. Empowering communities to help one another (rather than to compete), promotes community-level resilience (Aiyer, et al., 2014). Thus, the role of empathy has broader societal consequences.

Conclusion.

Empathy benefits individuals, communities, and society overall. And this much I promise you: you will rarely regret being empathetic. Empathy is a praiseworthy skill. Although, you must remember, that not everyone is capable of the same.

Authorship: Sophie Aiyer

Home Ownership as a Hedge against Inflation.

Buying versus Renting.

Is it financially wise to buy a home? Or easier to continue renting?

In sum, there are several financial benefits to home ownership.

According to Biggerpockets.com, these benefits include building your equity, tax advantages, not paying rent, passive income earned from rental properties, and so forth.

Another enormous benefit of homeownership is security. Finally, buying a home provides a hedge against inflation.

Inflation Rates.

Since 1913, the annual inflation rate in the U.S. has averaged around 3.1%. As the cost of goods and services rise, so do the costs of buying a home. Currently, mortgage interest rates are the lowest to date. If you were to purchase a home today, you could lock in a fixed long-term interest rate, to buy a financial asset that promises to rise in value over time (while the interest rate will not).

Implications.

This means that while others pay rising rents and home prices year after year, your monthly payments will be less expensive, comparatively. Thus, allowing you the freedom to invest in your home, invest in other assets, or put money toward other goals. The first year you own your home will be the most expensive, yet will get easier year after year.

Conclusion.

A home as a hedge against inflation is currently critical. The pandemic is the primary reason that interest rates plummeted. Yet, now that the economy is improving, interest rates will continue to rise. Thus, purchasing a home will only become more expensive in the future.

Moving Tips.

Packing for Your Move.

Moving is a large task. Deciding what to take with you, along with the process itself, is additionally stressful. Yet, if you follow the suggestions below, your move will be smoother.

Remove clutter.

“Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful.”- William Morris.

Removing clutter serves several purposes. It makes it less expensive for you to move as you won't pay freight costs to move things you no longer need or want. Further, less clutter will make your move simpler. If you are selling, removing clutter makes your home more appealing to buyers. A good rule of thumb is to group items into three categories: "Keep", "Donate", and "Discard". Add a “Sell” category if you have time to do so.

Organize.

Use high quality packing materials, including sturdy boxes, bubble wrap, and paper. Clearly label the boxes according to the rooms where they will be moved. Provide your movers with copies of a simplified floor plan, so they know in advance, where to move everything in your new location.

Think ahead.

Remember that the movers, though they are professionals, get tired; you want to avoid this. Keep boxes under 25 pounds when possible. Put heavier items in smaller boxes to reduce bulkiness, and lighter items in larger boxes with proper labeling. All books (and other heavy items) should be labeled as such.

Insure your move.

Contact your insurance company about coverage for moving and to cover your valuables. Your mover may also provide insurance. Yet, you want to ensure that everything is itemized and covered appropriately.

Keep a clear head.

Stay calm, and get a good night of sleep prior to your move. It will be a long day :) You want to be simultaneously alert, yet calm.

How to Stay Positive, During a Pandemic.

Promoting our well-being: Four tips.

Sleep.

It is time we learned to value sleep, not as a luxury but as a necessity (Maas, Cornell Lecture, 2000). Anyone who knows me knows that I am a huge fan of sleep. Further, there are no negative mental health outcomes associated with getting too much sleep (Maas, 2010). That said, sleep has been different lately. When we are home all day, not engaging in our daily exercise, work, and social routines, it has become harder to adhere to a clean circadian rhythm. My advice is simple: whenever possible, go to bed on the early side, and wake up when you are rested (if and when feasible, abstaining an alarm for waking).

Sleep has both psychological and biological benefits. Sleep is critical in regulating cortisol levels (our primary stress hormone). Specifically, lack of sleep promotes stress reactivity, reducing our ability to appropriately respond to external stressors (Vargas & Duran, 2014). Further, adequate sleep improves our cognitive abilities, as well as our ability to focus (also known as executive functioning) (Grissmer, et al., 2010). Sleep also improves our memory retention (Van Der Werf, et al., 2009). The type of sleep identified to improve memory is deep, intact sleep (the findings on napping, are mixed). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is proven most effective at enabling us to store new information into long-term memories (Maas, 2010; 2012). Sleep also promotes emotional regulation and boosts our immunity functioning. So, make your nights count and get some rest.

Movement.

The Ancient Greeks knew that training the mind, was as important as training the body. Attending to the mind and body in tandem, is essential to our mental health and physical well-being. Research supports the role of exercise in increasing our cognitive, social, and motor performance (Ratey, 2006). Exercise improves our memory and learning capabilities. Further, exercise increases levels of the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) (Ratey, 2006). BDNF promotes neuroplasticity; neuroplasticity is a process that allows our brains to change in response to learning new information (Shaw, 2001). During times of stress, neuroplasticity helps us to adapt; neuroplasticity facilitates our mental flexibility during times of change.

That said, circumstances have changed. Many of us previously relied on gyms, aquatic centers, yoga studios, and various indoor facilities to keep us fit. Yet, we must provide our brains with an antidote to stress; exercise provides such an antidote. Thus, it remains critical that we move each day, even when we don’t feel like it. Perhaps this means doing yoga in the morning, or calisthenics before dinnertime. Alternatively, walking or running outdoors (local policies and weather permitting). Or getting in the water (by swimming or surfing- policies and weather permitting). However you enjoy moving, move each day. You won’t regret it.

Communication.

It may sound trite, but call your mother! When you miss someone, call them. Alternatively, schedule a video call. Hearing someone’s voice (and seeing their face) improves communication. Texting is appropriate for orchestrating plans. Yet, life is too dynamic for text. Furthermore, there is far more miscommunication as a result of text than positive connections generated. Nevertheless, many default to texting out of habit. I suggest, stop texting (unless you are discussing something truly simple). Also, never text as a panacea for your boredom. Pick up the phone. Call your loved ones. If they vet your calls (and insist on texting), you may need to table the relationship for the meantime. You will have more free time as a result.

Libations.

“Alcohol is the anesthesia by which we endure the operation of life”- George Bernard Shaw. As we all know, alcohol serves as both a psychological, and physiological anesthetic. Ethanol was traditionally used in medicine to produce immobility in response to pain (Wong, et al., 1997). Thus, it is no wonder that so many of us are drinking more than usual during these stressful times. Before you reach for that final glass, just remember that we are in this together (and you will feel better in the morning :)

Authorship: Sophie Aiyer

Showing your Home Love.

When you love something you want to protect it, improve it, and enjoy it. Your home responds to love, too. Here are a few ways to show your home love that will love you back.

Refresh Caulking.

Discolored shriveled caulk has stopped doing the job of protecting your bathroom and kitchen from dirt, mildew and mold. According to TheGroutMedic.com, you should completely dig out old grout, apply an anti-mold treatment, then regrout with a %100 silicone-based grout that resists shrinking over time. Your tiled areas, including floors, will be watertight and look fresher, cleaner, and more attractive.

Update Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors.

ConsumerReports.org explains that newer smoke detectors can be interconnected so that when one detects smoke or carbon monoxide, all the detectors in the house will alert. Fires burn differently, so install a variety of detectors. Ionization detectors are best for identifying fast, flaming fires, while photoelectric detectors are preferable to alert to smoky, smoldering fires. Carbon monoxide detectors may need to be purchased separately.

Polish Floors.

o get a long-lasting shine on your hard-surface floors, you can rent or buy a floor polisher. The advantage, says Unclutterer.com, is that polishers are more efficient and less labor-intensive than manual cleaning methods, and don’t require in-depth knowledge of apply wax or polish to the floor. Afterward, you’ll find cleaning much easier and it will add to the lifespan of your floors.

The Art of Daydreaming, during a Pandemic.

We are currently living through unprecedented times. The pandemic has restricted many of us from the activities, experiences, and people, we loved. Suddenly, we find ourselves idle, restricted primarily to our homes, and from engaging in activities we previously enjoyed. The feeling of loss, in tandem with a restriction of movement, leads many of us to daydream.

Traditionally, daydreaming has held a negative connotation. Typically regarded as “maladaptive”, when engaged in excessively (Somer, 2002). Yet, during a pandemic, daydreaming and fantasy may be beneficial.

The art of daydreaming means that we fantasize about another world, including past experiences and future plans. Daydreaming is our mind’s way of coping, imagining the activities we enjoyed, yet no longer engage in. Daydreaming is our subconscious way of tapping into our unmet needs and wants.

Daydreaming fulfills our desires, particularly when our present environment is not satisfying them (Freud, 1908). Daydreaming may also promote creative problem solving (Zedelius & Schooler, 2016). Rather than googling how to fix a problem, daydreaming allows our minds to wander, and may lead to clearer solutions.

Daydreaming may help us focus on the future, maintaining our sense of hope and optimism. While many of us are couped up, lacking variation in our schedules, daydreaming may promote our focus on future goals (Klinger, 2013). Otherwise, we become mentally futile, attached to our electronic devices. Lest we forget to let our minds wander, fantasize, remember, and create.

There are many experiences we currently miss. During a pandemic, we are restricted from traveling, and may miss taking a spontaneous weekend trip to the mountains, or boarding a flight to a tropical island. We may also miss visiting with friends, family, and the multitude of traditions we took for granted (e.g., weekday happy hours, early morning gym workouts, evening laps at the pool, matinees at the movie theatre, musical concerts, and Saturday night dinner parties).

We are right in restricting our behaviors for the health and safety of others. It is both our moral and civic duty to do so. Otherwise, we will never resume such activities safely and freely.

Thus, we daydream and fantasize about those experiences to keep them alive. We daydream to fulfill our needs and desires which may not be met. Daydreaming brings back our feeling of getting dressed up for an evening out, the excitement of packing a suitcase before boarding a flight, the freshness after an early gym session, the anticipation of a concert. We also daydream to remember our goals, and to stay optimistic. We daydream to problem solve, and to make sense of the current world in which we live.

So, the next time you reach for your phone to google an answer to a problem, or find yourself scrolling social media to fill a void that was once satisfied by seeing friends, allow yourself to daydream. You may find enjoyment within your own mind, where the feelings and memories existed, all along.

Authorship: Sophie Aiyer